Sunday, November 03, 2024

Can A Thing Be the Efficient Cause of Itself?

Efficient Cause Definition: "the immediate agent in the production of an effect"

An efficient cause brings something into being or sets it in motion (e.g., a sculptor is the efficient cause of a bronze statue). With this in mind, one might ask whether it's possible for the universe to be its own efficient cause. Thomas Aquinas' answer is below:

"There is no case known (neither is it, indeed, possible) in which a thing is found to be the efficient cause of itself; for then it would be prior to itself, which is impossible" (Aquinas).

Hence, it seems highlly unlikely, to say the least, that the cosmos could be its own efficient cause. Just as a house needs a builder, so the universe needs an efficirent cause outside itself. See Hebrews 3:4.

In this regard, Origen of Alexandria uses autotheos which means something like "Godself" or God Himself, a term that distinguishes the Father from other "gods" (theoi) and that includes the Logos. I guess Origen wants to say that while the Logos and other ontic deities are gods by participation in the Father's divinity, the Father is God by his very nature (John 17:3) and he is the source or fount of divinity. The Father also does not need an efficient cause.

2 comments:

Roman said...

I think autotheos in Origen, like ungenerated in Eunomius, can be understood as a claim that only the Father is A Se, the next issue is whether or not an "essence" can include hyposteses one of which is A se, and others (one or two) of which are dependent and contingent (contingent in the sense of caused), I don't think that would make sense.

There was a recent debate between a monarchian trinitarian catholic, a unitarian theologian and a muslim theologian, much of this debate was around the question of Aseity.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zdv27Ptp7iI&t=3s&pp=ygUUc3RldmVuZSBuZW1lcyBqb3NodWE%3D

Edgar Foster said...

Thanks for the comments and video. I will check it out. Eunomius was an interesting figure.