Showing posts with label drinkoffering. Show all posts
Showing posts with label drinkoffering. Show all posts

Monday, October 03, 2022

Philippians 2:17 and 2 Timothy 4:6: Drink Offering

Philippians 2:17 (WH): Ἀλλὰ εἰ καὶ σπένδομαι ἐπὶ τῇ θυσίᾳ καὶ λειτουργίᾳ τῆς πίστεως ὑμῶν, χαίρω καὶ συνχαίρω πᾶσιν ὑμῖν·

2 Timothy 4:6 (WH): Ἐγὼ γὰρ ἤδη σπένδομαι, καὶ ὁ καιρὸς τῆς ἀναλύσεώς μου ἐφέστηκεν.

σπένδομαι appears in both verses. Just what did Paul potentially mean when he utilized this verb?

One helpful article is here: https://www.academia.edu/33436664/Some_Reflections_on_the_Meaning_of_Spendomai_and_its_Early_Christian_Reception

John P. Heil (Philippians, page 101): "
Paul vividly describes the ordeal of his current imprisonment for the sake of defending and promoting the gospel as his 'being poured out like a drink offering upon the sacrifice and service' of the audience’s 'faith' (πίστεως) (2:17a).10 This cultic metaphor expresses Paul’s suffering through imprisonment for the gospel as his 'being poured out' (σπένδομαι) like a wine drink offering to the Lord upon the 'sacrifice and service' or, as a hendiadys, 'sacrificial service' (τῇ θυσίᾳ καὶ λειτουργίᾳ) of the audience’s own suffering on behalf of Christ.11 This recalls and reinforces Paul’s desire to hear how the audience, as a unified community, are likewise struggling together for the 'faith' (πίστει) of the gospel (1:27). This and Paul’s previous assurance that he will remain with them for their advancement and joy in the 'faith' (πίστεως) (1:25) aim to motivate them not only to continue to demonstrate progress in the growth of their own faith but to work for the spread of the faith of the gospel of Christ to others.12 "

Commenting on 2 Timothy 4:6, William Mounce offers this explanation: "The verse gives the reason for the urgency of v 5; Timothy must persevere because Paul will soon be gone. σπένδειν means 'to offer a libation or drink-offering' (BAGD 761). The present tense here stresses that the process has begun, and the passive voice that God, not Rome, is still in control, despite appearances (the verb is always used in the passive in early Christian literature [BAGD 761]). The background is the drink offering, the OT ritual of pouring out a drink before the altar as a sacrifice to God, often accompanied by other sacrifices. This practice was common throughout ancient cultures (O. Michel, TDNT 7: 528– 35; T. H. Gaster, IDB 4: 150; Exod 29:38– 42 [with the daily burnt offerings]; Lev 23:13; Num 15:5; 28: 7). Lock compares it to the Greek ritual of pouring out a libation to Zeus at the end of a feast. He adds that 'the metaphor rests on the Jewish belief in the sacrificial value of a martyr’s death' (114)."

William Mounce. Pastoral Epistles, Volume 46 (Word Biblical Commentary) (Kindle Locations 22686-22692). Zondervan. Kindle Edition.