Grant Osborne (Baker Exegetical Commentary):
Many have noted the strange order in the two final verbs; one would expect them to be reversed, with the act of creation preceding the existence of creation. Some (R. Charles, Swete, Mounce) interpret ἦσαν as teaching the preexistence of creation in the mind of God, the potential of existence before it was created. This is ingenious but unnecessary. It is far simpler to note the ABA pattern and see ἐκτίσθησαν (ektisthēsan, were created) as restating the “created all things” of the first element. We do not have chronology here but rather a logical order (so Ladd 1972:78; Thomas 1992:368). God is creator and sustainer of the whole of creation. As Beale (1999:335) says, the purpose “is to emphasize preservation because the pastoral intention throughout the book is to encourage God's people to recognize that everything that happens to them throughout history is part of God’s creation purposes.”
R. Dean Davis, "The Heavenly Court Scene of Revelation 4-5,"(pages 229-230): Several scholars have made reference to a problem in the words of praise of the second hymn: "for thou didst create all things, and by thy will they existed and were created" (4:11). They believe these words suggest that all things existed before they were created. Some manuscripts try to solve the problem by substituting εἰσίν ("are") for ἦσαν ("were") or placing οὐκ ("not") before ἦσαν ("were"). The real solution, however, appears to be one of the following: (1) Hebrew parallelism is present here; (2 ) the καί ("and") is epexegetical; or (3) the two clauses are a hysteron proteron in which there is Inversion of the logical sequence. Beckwith has demonstrated that this inversion is a common feature of Revelation.
Sources:
Davis, R. Dean, "The Heavenly Court Scene of Revelation 4-5" (1986). Dissertations. Paper 31.
Osborne, Grant. Revelation. Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic.
4 comments:
http://classicchristianlibrary.com/library/beckwith_isbon/beckwith-rev.pdf
Pg 243, 244
AB to BA not ABA.
In the case of Reve. 4:11, Osborne is correct that we have 3 elements ("created," "existed," and "were created"), not just 2. So it's ABA but still possibly an instance of hysteron proteron. Chiasm/chiasmus may assume different patterns.
https://www.andrews.edu/library/car/cardigital/Periodicals/AUSS/1978-2/1978-2-05.pdf
For the ABA pattern in Hebrew poetry, see Wilfred G.E. Watson's book, "Classical Hebrew Poetry," pages 204-5.
https://books.google.com/books/about/Classical_Hebrew_Poetry.html?id=Fe-b24kbQQMC
Post a Comment