Showing posts with label Agape. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Agape. Show all posts

Tuesday, March 05, 2024

1 Corinthians 13:1--"I have become"

The Greek verb γέγονα is a form of γίνομαι: γέγονα is the perfect indicative active first-person singular form of γίνομαι, which means it signifies completed action performed by an agent. Notice how 1 Corinthians 13:1 has "I have become" for γέγονα or "I am become" (KJV). So the action is completed, it really happens (hence, the indicative), and it's first person singular ("I). Compare 1 Corinthians 13:11.

HCSB: "If I speak human or angelic languages but do not have love, I am a sounding gong or a clanging cymbal."

Paul Gardner (1 Corinthians, ZECNT): "Love, as Paul describes it here, is not an extra special grace-gift but is what marks all who are possessed by the Spirit. Gifts being exercised in a context where this is not present, where self is first and God and neighbor second or third, where status is sought rather than humility seen, make the person simply irrelevant spiritually. The person has become like random noise, which has no purpose or meaning. The verb meaning 'to become' or 'to be' (γέγονα) is in an intensive perfect. The present results are what matters to Paul. If this person spoke in this way, without love, then he or she has become or simply is a noisy gong. What Paul is saying is clear thus far."

Intensive Perfect Definition (Daniel Wallace, GGBB, page 574): "The perfect may be used to emphasize the results or present state pro-duced by a past action. The English present often is the best translation for such a perfect. This is a common use of the perfect tense."

Sunday, July 03, 2022

2 Samuel 13:1, 15 (LXX) and the Use of ἠγάπησεν

2 Samuel 13:1 (LXX): καὶ ἐγενήθη μετὰ ταῦτα καὶ τῷ Αβεσσαλωμ υἱῷ Δαυιδ ἀδελφὴ καλὴ τῷ εἴδει σφόδρα καὶ ὄνομα αὐτῇ Θημαρ καὶ ἠγάπησεν G25 αὐτὴν Αμνων υἱὸς Δαυιδ

2 Samuel 13:15 (LXX): καὶ ἐμίσησεν αὐτὴν Αμνων μῗσος μέγα σφόδρα ὅτι μέγα τὸ μῗσος ὃ ἐμίσησεν αὐτήν ὑπὲρ τὴν ἀγάπην ἣν ἠγάπησεν G25 αὐτήν καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῇ Αμνων ἀνάστηθι καὶ πορεύου

Compare Genesis 29:20; 24:67; Hosea 9:1; 12:7; Ezekiel 16:37; John 3:16; 2 Timothy 4:10.

It's long fascinated me how 2 Samuel uses a verbal form of agape instead of using eros to describe the way that Amnon felt toward Tamar. Why employ
ἠγάπησεν?

I don't think LSJ fully touches on this question, but after discussing LXX occurrences of
ἀγαπάω, the lexicon states the following:

:—seldom of sexual love, for ἐράω, Arist.Fr.76, Luc.JTr.2; ἀγαπάω ἑταίραν Anaxil.22.1 (but ἀγαπάω ἑταίρας = to be fond of hetairai, X.Mem.1.5.4; ἐρωτικὴν μέμψιν ἡ ἀγαπωμένη λύει dub. in Democr.271):—of brotherly love, Ev.Matt.5.43, al.
See https://foundinantiquity.com/2013/08/17/greek-words-for-love-in-context/comment-page-1/

https://jamesbradfordpate.wordpress.com/2012/02/02/carson-on-agape-and-some-word-fallacies/

From the Greek-English Lexicon of the Septuagint by T. Muraoka, page 3 (Entry for
ἀγαπάω):